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KMID : 0385620230270020017
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Korean Journal of Psychopathology
2023 Volume.27 No. 2 p.17 ~ p.28
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Amygdala Nuclei Volumetric Alterations in Adolescent with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder under Stimulant Medication
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Lee Hyun-Jung
Son Jung-Woo
Kim Ji-Eun
Lee Jeong-Hwan
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Abstract
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Objectives: Neuroimaging studies have revealed structural abnormalities in the brains of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). However, few studies have focused on the volumes of amygdala nuclei. We aimed to determine whether there are volumetric differences in the amygdala and its nuclei between ADHD adolescents and a healthy control group.
Methods: Twenty four ADHD adolescents undergoing stimulant medication and healthy controls underwent high resolution 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging. All participants were assessed using the Korean ADHD Rating Scale. We analyzed the volumes of the amygdala and its nuclei based on a 1 mm thickness sagittal T1-weighted image using the FreeSurfer program. We compared the volume of each nucleus across groups using an analysis of covariance, controlling for the effects of age and gender.
Results: ADHD group demonstrated volumetric increment of bilateral amygdala(left: F=5.76, p=0.021, effect size 0.12 ; right: F=5.64, p=0.022, effect size=0.11). Among the eighteen amygdala nuclei, left accessory basal nucleus (F = 9.13, adjusted p-value = 0.019, effect size = 0.18), left cortical nucleus (F = 6.93, adjusted p-value = 0.035, effect size = 0.15), and left corticoamygdaloid transition (F = 11.55, adjusted p-value = 0.013, effect size = 0.21) showed an increase in volume in the ADHD group compared with the control group.
Conclusions: Unlike previous studies on medication-naive ADHD, we observed an increase in the volume of the bilateral amygdala and several nuclei in adolescents with ADHD undergoing stimulant treatment. Further research is required to confirm the effect of stimulant medication on the volumetric change of amygdala and its behavioral manifestation.
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KEYWORD
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ADHD, Amygdala, Amygdala nuclei
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